Effect of the Harvest Season of <i>Anthyllis henoniana</i> Stems on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities: Phytochemical Profiling of Their Ethyl Acetate Extracts
Amani Ayachi,
Amer Ben Younes,
Ameni Ben Ammar,
Bouthaina Bouzayani,
Sonda Samet,
Mariam Siala,
Mohamed Trigui,
Michel Treilhou,
Nathan Téné,
Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
Affiliations
Amani Ayachi
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Amer Ben Younes
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Ameni Ben Ammar
Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development “LASED”, Sfax Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000,Tunisia
Bouthaina Bouzayani
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Sonda Samet
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Mariam Siala
Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development “LASED”, Sfax Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000,Tunisia
Mohamed Trigui
Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development “LASED”, Sfax Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000,Tunisia
Michel Treilhou
Equipe BTSB-EA 7417, Institut National Universitaire Jean-François Champollion, Université de Toulouse, Place de Verdun, 81012 Albi, France
Nathan Téné
Equipe BTSB-EA 7417, Institut National Universitaire Jean-François Champollion, Université de Toulouse, Place de Verdun, 81012 Albi, France
Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Anthyllis henoniana stems were harvested in two seasons: winter and spring (February and May 2021). In this study, we investigated the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TAC) and antimicrobial activities, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of the obtained extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract from stems harvested in winter exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while ethyl acetate extract from the stems harvested in spring showed the most potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. To explain these differences, we investigated the phytochemical composition of these two extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Therefore, 45 compounds were detected, from which we identified 20 compounds (flavonoids, triterpenoids, chalcones and phenolic acids); some were specific to the harvest month while others were common for both periods. Some of the major compounds detected in ethyl acetate (spring) were dihydrochalcone (Kanzonol Y, 8.2%) and flavanone (sophoraflavanone G, 5.9%), previously recognized for their antimicrobial effects. We therefore concluded that the difference in activities observed for the two harvest periods depends on the chemical composition of the extracts and the relative abundance of each compound.
