Eukaryotic Adaptation to Years-Long Starvation Resembles that of Bacteria
Tzemach Aouizerat,
Daniel Gelman,
Amir Szitenberg,
Itay Gutman,
Shunit Glazer,
Eli Reich,
Miriam Schoemann,
Rachel Kaplan,
Amijai Saragovi,
Ronen Hazan,
Michael Klutstein
Affiliations
Tzemach Aouizerat
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Daniel Gelman
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Amir Szitenberg
Microbial and Metagenomics Division, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 8698000, Israel
Itay Gutman
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Shunit Glazer
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Eli Reich
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Miriam Schoemann
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Rachel Kaplan
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Amijai Saragovi
The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
Ronen Hazan
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; Corresponding author
Michael Klutstein
Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; Corresponding author
Summary: The Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase (GASP) phenomenon, described in bacteria, reflects the genetic adaptation of bacteria to stress, including starvation, for a long time. Unlike in stationary phase where no cell division occurs, GASP harbors active cell division, concurrent with genetic adaptation.Here we show that GASP occurs also in eukaryotes.Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc404 and Sc424) have been isolated from 2-year-old sealed bottles of beer. These strains presented advantage in survival and growth over the parent during stress. The differences between the strains are irreversible and therefore genetic in origin rather than epigenetic. Direct competition assays show that Sc404 and Sc424 outcompete the parent in direct competition. DNA sequencing shows changes of the genome: the TOR complexes are mutated, and DNA repair gene mutations confer a mutator phenotype. The differences between the strains are reflected in a difference in taste between beers brewed from them. : Biological Sciences; Genetics; Microbiology; Microbial Genetics; Molecular Microbiology; Cell Biology Subject Areas: Biological Sciences, Genetics, Microbiology, Microbial Genetics, Molecular Microbiology, Cell Biology
