Three identities and a determinantal formula for differences between Bernoulli polynomials and numbers

Abstract

In the paper, the authors simply review recent results of inequalities, monotonicity, signs of determinants, determinantal formulas, closed-form expressions, and identities of the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, establish an identity involving the differences between the Bernoulli polynomials and the Bernoulli numbers, present two identities among the differences between the Bernoulli polynomials and the Bernoulli numbers in terms of a determinant and a partial Bell polynomial, and derive a determinantal formula of the differences between the Bernoulli polynomials and the Bernoulli numbers.

Keywords

• bernoulli polynomial
• bernoulli number
• difference
• identity
• inequality
• determinant
• partial bell polynomial
• determinantal formula