Selective IgA Deficiency and Blood Component Transfusion: In Search of the Lost Evidence

Abstract

Background: Selective IgA deficiency (IgA-D) has been historically considered a high-risk entity for developing allergic/anaphylactic reactions after blood transfusion (AATRs). However, it has been suggested that the IgA-D-related anaphylactic transfusion reaction is not evidence-based. Methods: We conducted three different approaches to collect evidence about epidemiology, AATRs, and transfusion management of patients with IgA-D at La Fe University Hospital. Firstly, we analysed the prevalence of IgA-D in a population of patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia, The second approach consisted of collecting transfusion data from IgA-D patients. Finally, we reviewed the IgA levels of patients recorded in the hemovigilance system suffering an AATR. Results: IgA-D prevalence was 1 in 334 patients. At least one blood component was transfused to 23 patients diagnosed with IgA-D. Plasma was transfused to eight IgA-D patients, while six patients received red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. No adverse reactions were reported in any patient. AATRs occurred in 325 men and 264 women with a median age of 52 years. Severe reactions occurred in 56 patients (1/14,520 components). Mean IgA levels were 215 mg/dL (4–5570) for mild reactions and 214 mg/dL (14–824) for severe reactions (p = ns). Washed platelets were administered to two patients who developed severe and repeated AATRs. Both had normal IgA levels. Conclusions: Since the AATRs related to IgA-D are extremely low, as reported in current hemovigilance systems, IgA-D should not be considered a high-risk entity to develop AATRs. On the contrary, our findings support standard transfusion management of IgA-D patients.

Keywords

• IgA deficiency
• anaphylactic transfusion reaction
• adverse transfusion reaction