Major Nutritional Metabolic Alterations Influencing the Reproductive System of Postpartum Dairy Cows
Abdul Sammad,
Muhammad Zahoor Khan,
Zaheer Abbas,
Lirong Hu,
Qudrat Ullah,
Yajing Wang,
Huabin Zhu,
Yachun Wang
Affiliations
Abdul Sammad
National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Muhammad Zahoor Khan
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Zaheer Abbas
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Lirong Hu
National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Qudrat Ullah
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
Yajing Wang
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Huabin Zhu
Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Yachun Wang
National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Early successful conception of postpartum dairy cows is crucial in determining the optimum reproductive efficiency and profitability in modern dairy farming. Due to the inherent high production potential of modern dairy cows, the extra stress burden of peri-parturient events, and associated endocrine and metabolic changes causes negative energy balance (NEBAL) in postpartum cows. The occurrence of NEBAL is associated with excessive fat mobilization in the form of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). The phenomenon of NEFA mobilization furthers with occurrence of ketosis and fatty liver in postpartum dairy cows. High NEFAs and ketones are negatively associated with health and reproductive processes. An additional burden of hypocalcemia, ruminal acidosis, and high protein metabolism in postpartum cows presents further consequences for health and reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows. This review intends to comprehend these major nutritional metabolic alterations, their mechanisms of influence on the reproduction process, and relevant mitigation strategies.
