The impact of advanced proteomics in the search for markers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer
Hongshuo Zhang,
Yue Fan,
Lingling Xia,
Chunhui Gao,
Xin Tong,
Hanfu Wang,
Lili Sun,
Tuo Ji,
Mingyu Jin,
Bing Gu,
Bo Fan
Affiliations
Hongshuo Zhang
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
Yue Fan
Department of Propaganda, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
Lingling Xia
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
Chunhui Gao
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
Xin Tong
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
Hanfu Wang
Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
Lili Sun
Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
Tuo Ji
Department of Hospital Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
Mingyu Jin
Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
Bing Gu
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
Bo Fan
Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors are known to contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, many of which produce molecules that serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, urine, and tissue are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be derived from either the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the high-throughput profiling of data generated from bladder cancer–related proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a wealth of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, the transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another remains the main disadvantage of these methods, a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization. This review summarizes the latest discoveries and progress of biomarker identification for the early diagnosis, projected prognosis, and therapeutic response of bladder cancer, informs the readers of the current status of proteomic-based biomarker findings, and suggests avenues for future work.
