Sarcopenia classification model for musculoskeletal patients using smart insole and artificial intelligence gait analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background The relationship between physical function, musculoskeletal disorders and sarcopenia is intricate. Current physical function tests, such as the gait speed test and the chair stand test, have limitations in eliminating subjective influences. To overcome this, smart devices utilizing inertial measurement unit sensors and artificial intelligence (AI)‐based methods are being developed. Methods We employed cutting‐edge technologies, including the smart insole device and pose estimation based on AI, along with three classification models: random forest (RF), support vector machine and artificial neural network, to classify control and sarcopenia groups. Patient data of 83 individuals were divided into train and test sets, with approximately 67% allocated for training. Classification models were implemented using RStudio, considering individual and combined variables obtained through pose estimation and smart insole measurements. Results Performance evaluation of the classification models utilized accuracy, precision, recall and F1‐score indicators. Using only pose estimation variables, accuracy ranged from 0.92 to 0.96, with F1‐scores of 0.94–0.97. Key variables identified by the RF model were ‘Hip_dif’, ‘Ankle_dif’ and ‘Hipankle_dif’. Combining variables from both methods increased accuracy to 0.80–1.00, with F1‐scores of 0.73–1.00. Conclusions In our study, a classification model that integrates smart insole and pose estimation technology was assessed. The RF model showed impressive results, particularly in the case of the Hip and Ankle variables. The growth of advanced measurement technologies suggests a promising avenue for identifying and utilizing additional digital biomarkers in the management of various disorders. The convergence of AI technologies with diagnostics and treatment approaches a promising future for enhanced interventions in conditions like sarcopenia.

Keywords

• classification model
• musculoskeletal disorders
• pose estimation
• sarcopenia
• smart insole