Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO2 as Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Implementation for Recycling and Reuse of Spent Material

Abstract

ABSTRACT The electrochemical behavior of the cathode material LiCoO2 was systematically investigated within the anodic potential range to explore its feasibility as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Reversible lithium‐ion intercalation was observed as a function of the low potential limit, demonstrating its potential for high‐capacity energy storage. The study revealed that stable electrochemical performance was achieved when 1.25 Li+ per formula unit was inserted into the material, yielding an average capacity of 350 mA·h·g−1. Detailed galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests indicated that LiCoO2 could intercalate lithium ions reversibly without significant structural degradation up to 1.5 Li+ per formula unit. At this optimal lithium content, the material exhibited a well‐balanced performance between specific capacity and long‐term cycling stability. However, challenges such as capacity fading at higher lithium concentrations were noted, which were attributed to structural instability and phase transformations. Despite these limitations, LiCoO2 demonstrated promising properties as a conversion‐type anode material, making it a viable alternative to conventional anodes for advanced LIBs. This study underscores the importance of precise control over lithium intercalation levels to optimize the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2.

Keywords

• anode materials
• composite materials
• energy storage and conversion
• lithium cobalt oxide
• lithium‐ion batteries