Identification of the risk factors of neonatal macrosomia in EHS «Nouar Fadéla », Oran - Algeria

Abstract

Introduction - A newborn is said macrosome if the birth weight is higher than the 90th percentile according to the reference curves. It is a population at risk exposed to neonatal complications that can compromise the vital prognosis and / or functional. The objective of this study was to estimate the hospital prevalence of macrosomia and to identify the risk factors for its occurrence. Patients and methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study at the «Nouar Fadela» clinic. Results - during the period from April 15, 2015 to March 15, 2017, 6741 deliveries were made. We collected 889 cases that were the subject of the present study including 425 newborn macrosomes, a hospital prevalence of 6.3%. For maternal characteristics: On average, mothers were aged 30 ± 5.70 years, and a BMI of 27.45 ± 4.96 kg / m2. The majority of deliveries of newborns macrosomes was vaginally delivred. For the characteristics of the newborns: the birth weight varied between 4000gr and 5900 gr with an average PNN of: 4172 ± 339 gr. Neonatal morbidity in macrosomes is dominated by: hypoglycemia in 19.3% versus 10.6% in eutrophic patients; hematomas in 3.8% vs 1.9%; PPB in 2.1% versus 0.2 in eutrophics. Lethality is neonates in 0.9% of cases compared to 0.6% in eutrophic A number of epidemiological elements have been found in the genesis of macrosomia: obesity, weight gain, macrosomia history of diabetes mellitus and the advance or late stage. Conclusion - Macrosomia remains a risky situation, which is worrying because of its morbidity and neonatal mortality.

Keywords

• Macrosomia
• gestational diabetes
• obesity, acute fetal distress
• death in utero