Original Hosts, Clinical Features, Transmission Routes, and Vaccine Development for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Ting Wu; Ting Wu; Ting Wu; Shuntong Kang; Shuntong Kang; Shuntong Kang; Wenyao Peng; Wenyao Peng; Chenzhe Zuo; Chenzhe Zuo; Yuhao Zhu; Yuhao Zhu; Liangyu Pan; Keyun Fu; Keyun Fu; Yaxian You; Xinyuan Yang; Xinyuan Yang; Xuan Luo; Xuan Luo; Liping Jiang; Meichun Deng; Meichun Deng; Meichun Deng

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.702066

Frontiers in Medicine (Jul 2021)

Original Hosts, Clinical Features, Transmission Routes, and Vaccine Development for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Ting Wu,
Ting Wu,
Ting Wu,
Shuntong Kang,
Shuntong Kang,
Shuntong Kang,
Wenyao Peng,
Wenyao Peng,
Chenzhe Zuo,
Chenzhe Zuo,
Yuhao Zhu,
Yuhao Zhu,
Liangyu Pan,
Keyun Fu,
Keyun Fu,
Yaxian You,
Xinyuan Yang,
Xinyuan Yang,
Xuan Luo,
Xuan Luo,
Liping Jiang,
Meichun Deng,
Meichun Deng,
Meichun Deng

Affiliations

Ting Wu: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Ting Wu: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
Ting Wu: Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Shuntong Kang: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Shuntong Kang: Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Shuntong Kang: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Wenyao Peng: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Wenyao Peng: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Chenzhe Zuo: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Chenzhe Zuo: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Yuhao Zhu: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Yuhao Zhu: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Liangyu Pan: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Keyun Fu: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Keyun Fu: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Yaxian You: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Xinyuan Yang: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Xinyuan Yang: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Xuan Luo: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Xuan Luo: Hunan Yuanpin Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
Liping Jiang: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Meichun Deng: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Meichun Deng: Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Meichun Deng: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.702066
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 8

Abstract

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to public concern worldwide. Although a variety of hypotheses about the hosts of SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, an exact conclusion has not yet been reached. Initial clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 are similar to those of other acute respiratory infections, leading to misdiagnoses and resulting in the outbreak at the early stage. SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly spread by droplet transmission and close contact; the possibilities of fecal–oral, vertical, and aerosol transmission have not yet been fully confirmed or rejected. Besides, COVID-19 cases have been reported within communities, households, and nosocomial settings through contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients or asymptomatic individuals. Environmental contamination is also a major driver for the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19, it is urgent to decrease the risk of transmission and take preventive measures to control the spread of the virus. In this review, we summarize the latest available data on the potential hosts, entry receptors, clinical features, and risk factors of COVID-19 and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, and we present the data about development of vaccines.

Published in Frontiers in Medicine

ISSN: 2296-858X (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Medicine (General)
Website: http://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine

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