Radio-Frequency and Microwave Techniques for Non-Invasive Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract

This paper reviews non-invasive blood glucose measurements via dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies presented in the literature. The intent is to clarify the key challenges that must be overcome if this approach is to work, to suggest some possible ways towards addressing these challenges and to contribute towards prevention of unnecessary ‘reinvention of the wheel’.

Keywords

• blood glucose levels
• non-invasive measurement
• glucose-dependent dielectric properties
• RF sensing
• microwave resonators
• microwave spectroscopy
• dielectric spectroscopy
• on-body antennas