The Associations of Antihypertensive Medications, Steroids, Beta Blockers, Statins and Comorbidities with COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study
Paul Kim,
Vidhya Nadarajan,
Maham Ahmed,
Katerina Furman,
Zoya Gurm,
Priyanka Kale,
Zaina Khoury,
Sara Koussa,
Dana LaBuda,
Margo Mekjian,
Pooja Polamarasetti,
Leticia Simo,
Charlotte Thill,
Sophie Wittenberg,
Sorabh Dhar,
Dragana Komnenov
Affiliations
Paul Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Vidhya Nadarajan
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Maham Ahmed
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Katerina Furman
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Zoya Gurm
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Priyanka Kale
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Zaina Khoury
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Sara Koussa
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Dana LaBuda
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Margo Mekjian
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Pooja Polamarasetti
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Leticia Simo
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Charlotte Thill
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Sophie Wittenberg
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Sorabh Dhar
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Dragana Komnenov
Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
(1) Background: Data on COVID-19 outcomes and disease course as a function of different medications used to treat cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as the presence of different comorbidities in primarily Black cohorts, are lacking. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical chart review on 327 patients (62.6% Black race) who were admitted to the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI. Group differences (CKD vs. non-CKD) were compared using the Pearson χ2 test. We conducted univariate and multivariate regression analyses for factors contributing to death during hospitalization due to COVID-19 (primary outcome) and ICU admission (secondary outcome), adjusting for age, sex, different medications, and comorbidities. A sub-analysis was also completed for CKD patients. (3) Results: In the fully adjusted model, a protective effect of ACEi alone, but not in combination with ARB or CCB, for ICU admission was found (OR = 0.400, 95% CI [0.183–0.874]). Heart failure was significantly associated with the primary outcome (OR = 4.088, 95% CI [1.1661–14.387]), as was COPD (OR = 3.747, 95% CI [1.591–8.828]). (4) Conclusions: Therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease and CKD in the milieu of different comorbidities may need to be tailored more prudently for individuals with COVID-19, especially Black individuals.
