Using birds of prey to manage pest bird flocks under lethal and non-lethal conditions – A review

Abstract

Raptors have been successfully used to disperse and often control flocks of pest birds. However, the question that has not been resolved is, “If the raptor kills a small number of the target flock, does this improve the efficiency of control?” This mini-review examines the few research reports that have been published that can shed light on this question.

Keywords

• raptors
• owls
• pest birds
• biological control
• sustainable agriculture and forestry