Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
NEW SPONTANEOUS INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS AND MUTANTS OF WHEAT IN AZERBAIJAN
Abstract
The article gives the results of study of interspecific hybrids of wheat, harvested at the territory of Azerbaijan. It was given a morphobiologic characteristic of dwarf mutant and fertile constant interspecific hybrid, incomplete amphidiploids and other rare species of wheat. It has been determined that the dwarf mutant phenotypically differed from the standard T.vavilovii in a plant height, stem size, spicklet length, a number of spikelets, a number of grains per a spicklet, short and very wide mesophytic leaves, anthocyanin ligule. Electrophoretic analysis of additional proteins in grain showed that the dwarf mutant differs from the standard T.vavilovii even genotypically in allele blocks of additional proteins of grain. The found interspecific hybrid is constant in pheno- and genotype and possesses some unique traits of a spicklet. The hybrid is tall (165-170 cm), but resistant to lodging. In the phase of tillering anthocyanin sprouts are covered with a waxy bloom, and the time of life is winter and spring. The spicklet is awnless, very loose and long, the density is low (D=10,0-10,3). The stem of the spicklet is very strong. Elongatedare lanceolate spikelet glumes are white, narrow to the bottom, not extruded at the bottom of the glumes. The stem is strong. The spicklet is half-rigid, but it’s easily threshed. It has been found out, that phenotypically identical interspecific hybrid of wheat is genotipically stable and possesses unique allele blocks which other hexaploid wheat varieties don’t have. The hybrids ‘T.spelta’ and ‘T.polonicum’ turned to be non-constant and new botanic forms have been bred.
