Robust Optimization of Natural Laminar Flow Airfoil Based on Random Surface Contamination

Abstract

Natural laminar-flow (NLF) airfoils are one of the most promising technologies for extending the range and endurance of aircrafts. However, there is a lack of methods for the optimization of airfoils based on the surface contamination that destroys the laminar flow. In order to solve this problem, a robust optimization process is proposed using the Non-dominated Sorting genetic algorithm- II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm, and Monte Carlo simulation combined with an aerodynamic calculation software Xfoil. Firstly, the airfoil is optimized normally and the aerodynamic performance of optimized airfoil under surface contamination is analyzed. Then, the original airfoil is robustly optimized under random surface contamination based on the assumption that its locations follow triangular and uniform probability distributions. Finally, all the optimized results and original airfoil are compared. It is found that robust optimization reduces the sensitivity of the airfoil to random surface contamination, hence, improving the robustness of the airfoil. The proposed methods make it possible to improve the aerodynamic performance of NLF airfoils considering surface contamination.

Keywords

• natural laminar flow airfoil
• surface contamination
• robust optimization
• Monte Carlo simulation
• NSGA-II algorithm