Frontiers in Microbiology (Apr 2022)

Glycopeptide Antibiotic Teicoplanin Inhibits Cell Entry of SARS-CoV-2 by Suppressing the Proteolytic Activity of Cathepsin L

  • Fei Yu,
  • Ting Pan,
  • Ting Pan,
  • Feng Huang,
  • Feng Huang,
  • Ruosu Ying,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Huimin Fan,
  • Junsong Zhang,
  • Weiwei Liu,
  • Yingtong Lin,
  • Yaochang Yuan,
  • Tao Yang,
  • Rong Li,
  • Xu Zhang,
  • Xi Lv,
  • Qianyu Chen,
  • Anqi Liang,
  • Fan Zou,
  • Fan Zou,
  • Bingfeng Liu,
  • Fengyu Hu,
  • Xiaoping Tang,
  • Linghua Li,
  • Kai Deng,
  • Xin He,
  • Hui Zhang,
  • Hui Zhang,
  • Yiwen Zhang,
  • Xiancai Ma,
  • Xiancai Ma,
  • Xiancai Ma

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.884034
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13

Abstract

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Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), public health worldwide has been greatly threatened. The development of an effective treatment for this infection is crucial and urgent but is hampered by the incomplete understanding of the viral infection mechanisms and the lack of specific antiviral agents. We previously reported that teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that has been commonly used in the clinic to treat bacterial infection, significantly restrained the cell entry of Ebola virus, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV by specifically inhibiting the activity of cathepsin L (CTSL). Here, we found that the cleavage sites of CTSL on the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were highly conserved among all the variants. The treatment with teicoplanin suppressed the proteolytic activity of CTSL on spike and prevented the cellular infection of different pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Teicoplanin potently prevented the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cellular cytoplasm with an IC50 of 2.038 μM for the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference strain and an IC50 of 2.116 μM for the SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) variant. The pre-treatment of teicoplanin also prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in hACE2 mice. In summary, our data reveal that CTSL is required for both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of teicoplanin for universal anti-CoVs intervention.

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