Maternal Diet Associates with Offspring Bone Mineralization, Fracture Risk and Enamel Defects in Childhood and Influences the Prenatal Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation

Abstract

We previously demonstrated a beneficial effect of high-dose vitamin D in pregnancy on offspring bone and dental health. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy on the risk of bone fractures, bone mineralization and enamel defects until age 6 years in the offspring. Further, the influence of diet on the effect of high-dose vitamin D was analyzed in the COPSAC2010 mother–child cohort including 623 mother–child pairs. A weighted network analysis on FFQs revealed three specific maternal dietary patterns that associated (Bonferroni p p 2 (0.01–0.04), p p = 0.02), and enamel defects in primary (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.13 (0.03–0.58), p p < 0.01) was most pronounced when mothers had lower intake of fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, sweets, whole grain, offal and fish. This study suggests that prenatal dietary patterns influence offspring bone and dental development, and should be considered in order to obtain the full benefits of vitamin D to enhance personalized supplementation strategy.

Keywords

• vitamin D
• pregnancy diet
• bone health
• dental health