Foods (Nov 2022)

Physical, Nutritional, and Bioactive Properties of Mandacaru Cladode Flour (<i>Cereus jamacaru</i> DC.): An Unconventional Food Plant from the Semi-Arid Brazilian Northeast

  • Ana Cristina S. Martins,
  • Gracy Kelly V. de V. Medeiros,
  • Jaielison Yandro P. da Silva,
  • Vanessa B. Viera,
  • Paternak de S. Barros,
  • Marcos dos S. Lima,
  • Marcelo S. da Silva,
  • Josean F. Tavares,
  • Yuri M. do Nascimento,
  • Evandro F. da Silva,
  • Juliana K. B. Soares,
  • Evandro L. de Souza,
  • Maria Elieidy G. de Oliveira

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233814
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 23
p. 3814

Abstract

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In this study, we evaluated the physical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of mandacaru cladode flour (Cereus jamacaru DC.). The granulometric profile revealed particles with non-uniform geometry, flakiness, a rectangular tendency, and a non-homogeneous surface, with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 60 µm. The flour presented low water activity (0.423), a moisture content of 8.24 g/100 g, high ash (2.82 g/100 g), protein (5.18 g/100 g), and total carbohydrate contents (74.48 g/100 g), and low lipid contents (1.88 g/100 g). Mandacaru flour is an excellent source of insoluble dietary fiber (48.08 g/100 g), calcium (76.33%), magnesium (15.21%), and potassium (5.94%). Notably, 1H NMR analysis revealed the presence of N-methyltyramine. Using HPLC chromatography, glucose was identified as the predominant sugar (1.33 g/100 g), followed by four organic acids, especially malic acid (9.41 g/100 g) and citric acid (3.96 g/100 g). Eighteen phenolic compounds were detected, with relevant amounts of kaempferol (99.40 mg/100 g), myricetin (72.30 mg/100 g), and resveratrol (17.84 mg/100 g). The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were 1285.47 mg GAE/100 g and 15.19 mg CE/100 g, respectively. The mean in vitro antioxidant activity values were higher using the FRAP method (249.45 µmol Trolox TEAC/100 g) compared to the ABTS•+ method (0.39 µmol Trolox TEAC/g). Finally, the ascorbic acid had a content of 35.22 mg/100 g. The results demonstrate the value of mandacaru as a little-explored species and an excellent matrix for the development of flours presenting good nutritional value and bioactive constituents with excellent antioxidant potential.

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