Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract
Cheng-mei Tian,
Mei-feng Yang,
Hao-ming Xu,
Min-zheng Zhu,
Yuan Zhang,
Jun Yao,
Li-sheng Wang,
Yu-jie Liang,
De-feng Li
Affiliations
Cheng-mei Tian
Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
Mei-feng Yang
Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital
Hao-ming Xu
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology
Min-zheng Zhu
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology
Yuan Zhang
Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention
Jun Yao
Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
Li-sheng Wang
Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
Yu-jie Liang
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital
De-feng Li
Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
Abstract Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer particles that encapsulate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by microorganisms and can transport a variety of important factors, such as virulence factors, antibiotics, HGT, and defensive factors produced by host eukaryotic cells. In addition, these EVs are vital in facilitating communication between microbiota and the host. Therefore, bacterial EVs play a crucial role in maintaining the GI tract’s health and proper functioning. In this review, we outlined the structure and composition of bacterial EVs. Additionally, we highlighted the critical role that bacterial EVs play in immune regulation and in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota. To further elucidate progress in the field of intestinal research and to provide a reference for future EV studies, we also discussed the clinical and pharmacological potential of bacterial EVs, as well as the necessary efforts required to understand the mechanisms of interaction between bacterial EVs and gut pathogenesis.
