Morphological, Mineralogical, and Biochemical Characteristics of Particulate Matter in Three Size Fractions (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) in the Urban Environment

• Shafiq Ahmad,
• Bahadar Zeb,
• Allah Ditta,
• Khan Alam,
• Umer Shahid,
• Atta Ullah Shah,
• Iftikhar Ahmad,
• Abdulrahman Alasmari,
• Mohamed Sakran,
• Mohammed Alqurashi

Affiliations

Shafiq Ahmad

Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan

Bahadar Zeb

Department of Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan

Allah Ditta

Department of Environmental Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan

Khan Alam

Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Umer Shahid

Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan

Atta Ullah Shah

National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan

Iftikhar Ahmad

Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan

Abdulrahman Alasmari

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed Sakran

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Alqurashi

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia