Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû (Dec 2016)
Investigations of fine particles concentrations in the atmospheric air near highways
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the experimental determination of particulate matter PM 2,5 , PM 10 mass concentration and total suspended particles up to 15 microns (TSP), which are the priority components of air pollutants near the highways. The measurements were made during the year 2016 using a laser analyzer of aerosol DustTrak 8533. The study shows the dependence of the particulate matter concentration from the time of day and the traffic congestion. The sampling (N = 67) was performed due to brief program on the basis of the route monitoring station, which is located on the road junction with heavy traffic – up to1,200 vehicles per hour on the test sites. The single concentrations of the suspended substances reached the levels of the Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 1.5. During the study period, the exceeding of the established average daily MPC for fine particles PM 2.5 and PM 10 fractions near the highways have not been identified. The significant linear relationship between the number of diesel vehicles on stops and the concentrations of particulate matter PM 2.5 , PM 10 , TSP (correlation coefficient from 0.62 to 0.65; Fisher's criterion of 14.2 to 38.0; p <0.05) has been established and parameterized, what allows to predict the level of air pollution by diesel vehicles when braking and accelerating. It is recommended to fulfill continuous monitoring of the average daily and single MPC of the fine suspended particles near the roads with traffic load of 769 – 1270 or more the diesel vehicles per every 20 minutes. The obtained data may be used in evaluation of the risk to public health induced by the transport emissions as well as in the estimation of the fine particles PM 2.5 , PM 10 concentrations on the sites close to the highways of the large industrial center.
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