SSR-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Sweet Cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) from 19 Countries in Europe
Teresa Barreneche,
María Cárcamo de la Concepción,
Marine Blouin-Delmas,
Matthew Ordidge,
Hilde Nybom,
Gunars Lacis,
Daina Feldmane,
Jiri Sedlak,
Mekjell Meland,
Hedi Kaldmäe,
Kersti Kahu,
Zsuzsanna Békefi,
Sanda Stanivuković,
Gordana Đurić,
Monika Höfer,
Martin Galik,
Elisabeth Schüller,
Andreas Spornberger,
Sorina Sirbu,
Pavlina Drogoudi,
Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos,
Ossama Kodad,
Aleš Vokurka,
Marc Lateur,
Felicidad Fernández Fernández,
Daniela Giovannini,
José Quero-García
Affiliations
Teresa Barreneche
INRAE, University of Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
María Cárcamo de la Concepción
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
Marine Blouin-Delmas
INRAE, Unité Expérimentale Arboricole, Domaine de la Tour de Rance, 47320 Bourran, France
Matthew Ordidge
Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
Hilde Nybom
Balsgård-Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 459, 29194 Kristianstad, Sweden
Gunars Lacis
Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
Daina Feldmane
Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
Jiri Sedlak
Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
Mekjell Meland
NIBIO Ullensvang, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ullensvangvegen 1005, N-5781 Lofthus, Norway
Hedi Kaldmäe
Polli Horticultural Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uus 2, 69108 Polli, Estonia
Kersti Kahu
Polli Horticultural Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uus 2, 69108 Polli, Estonia
Zsuzsanna Békefi
National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre Gödöllő, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary
Sanda Stanivuković
Institute for Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovica 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gordana Đurić
Institute for Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovica 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Monika Höfer
Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn Institute, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
Martin Galik
NPPC, Výskumný ústav Rastlinnej Výroby–VÚRV, Research Institute of Plant Production–RIPP, Bratislavská 122, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia
Elisabeth Schüller
Division of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Andreas Spornberger
Division of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Sorina Sirbu
Research Station for Fruit Growing, 175 Voinesti, RO707305 Iasi, Romania
Pavlina Drogoudi
Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DEMETER’, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 38 RR Station, 59200 Naoussa, Greece
Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos
Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Ossama Kodad
Département Arboriculture Arboriculture Fruitière Viticulture Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, B.P. S/40, Meknès 50000, Morocco
Aleš Vokurka
Department for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Marc Lateur
CRA-W, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques, Plant Breeding & Biodiversity, Bâtiment Emile Marchal, Rue de Liroux, 4-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Felicidad Fernández Fernández
Genetics, Genomics and Breeding Department, NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
Daniela Giovannini
CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, via la Canapona 1 bis, 47121 Forlì, Italy
José Quero-García
INRAE, University of Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a temperate fruit species whose production might be highly impacted by climate change in the near future. Diversity of plant material could be an option to mitigate these climate risks by enabling producers to have new cultivars well adapted to new environmental conditions. In this study, subsets of sweet cherry collections of 19 European countries were genotyped using 14 SSR. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess genetic diversity parameters, (ii) to estimate the levels of population structure, and (iii) to identify germplasm redundancies. A total of 314 accessions, including landraces, early selections, and modern cultivars, were monitored, and 220 unique SSR genotypes were identified. All 14 loci were confirmed to be polymorphic, and a total of 137 alleles were detected with a mean of 9.8 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles (N = 9.8), PIC value (0.658), observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.71), and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.70) were higher in this study compared to values reported so far. Four ancestral populations were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and two of them (K1 and K4) could be attributed to the geographical origin of the accessions. A N-J tree grouped the 220 sweet cherry accessions within three main clusters and six subgroups. Accessions belonging to the four STRUCTURE populations roughly clustered together. Clustering confirmed known genealogical data for several accessions. The large genetic diversity of the collection was demonstrated, in particular within the landrace pool, justifying the efforts made over decades for their conservation. New sources of diversity will allow producers to face challenges, such as climate change and the need to develop more sustainable production systems.
