Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Tataguine and Witwatersrand Viruses and Other Orthobunyaviruses of the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Koongol, Mapputta, Tete, and Turlock Serogroups
Alexey M. Shchetinin,
Dmitry K. Lvov,
Petr G. Deriabin,
Andrey G. Botikov,
Asya K. Gitelman,
Jens H. Kuhn,
Sergey V. Alkhovsky
Affiliations
Alexey M. Shchetinin
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
Dmitry K. Lvov
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
Petr G. Deriabin
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
Andrey G. Botikov
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
Asya K. Gitelman
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
Jens H. Kuhn
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Sergey V. Alkhovsky
D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
The family Bunyaviridae has more than 530 members that are distributed among five genera or remain to be classified. The genus Orthobunyavirus is the most diverse bunyaviral genus with more than 220 viruses that have been assigned to more than 18 serogroups based on serological cross-reactions and limited molecular-biological characterization. Sequence information for all three orthobunyaviral genome segments is only available for viruses belonging to the Bunyamwera, Bwamba/Pongola, California encephalitis, Gamboa, Group C, Mapputta, Nyando, and Simbu serogroups. Here we present coding-complete sequences for all three genome segments of 15 orthobunyaviruses belonging to the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Kongool, Tete, and Turlock serogroups, and of two unclassified bunyaviruses previously not known to be orthobunyaviruses (Tataguine and Witwatersrand viruses). Using those sequence data, we established the most comprehensive phylogeny of the Orthobunyavirus genus to date, now covering 15 serogroups. Our results emphasize the high genetic diversity of orthobunyaviruses and reveal that the presence of the small nonstructural protein (NSs)-encoding open reading frame is not as common in orthobunyavirus genomes as previously thought.
