Galaxies (Apr 2023)
Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
- Michael D. Johnson,
- Kazunori Akiyama,
- Lindy Blackburn,
- Katherine L. Bouman,
- Avery E. Broderick,
- Vitor Cardoso,
- Rob P. Fender,
- Christian M. Fromm,
- Peter Galison,
- José L. Gómez,
- Daryl Haggard,
- Matthew L. Lister,
- Andrei P. Lobanov,
- Sera Markoff,
- Ramesh Narayan,
- Priyamvada Natarajan,
- Tiffany Nichols,
- Dominic W. Pesce,
- Ziri Younsi,
- Andrew Chael,
- Koushik Chatterjee,
- Ryan Chaves,
- Juliusz Doboszewski,
- Richard Dodson,
- Sheperd S. Doeleman,
- Jamee Elder,
- Garret Fitzpatrick,
- Kari Haworth,
- Janice Houston,
- Sara Issaoun,
- Yuri Y. Kovalev,
- Aviad Levis,
- Rocco Lico,
- Alexandru Marcoci,
- Niels C. M. Martens,
- Neil M. Nagar,
- Aaron Oppenheimer,
- Daniel C. M. Palumbo,
- Angelo Ricarte,
- María J. Rioja,
- Freek Roelofs,
- Ann C. Thresher,
- Paul Tiede,
- Jonathan Weintroub,
- Maciek Wielgus
Affiliations
- Michael D. Johnson
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Kazunori Akiyama
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Lindy Blackburn
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Katherine L. Bouman
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Avery E. Broderick
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
- Vitor Cardoso
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rob P. Fender
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Christian M. Fromm
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 31, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Peter Galison
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- José L. Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- Daryl Haggard
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Matthew L. Lister
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Andrei P. Lobanov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Sera Markoff
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ramesh Narayan
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Priyamvada Natarajan
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Tiffany Nichols
- Department of History, Princeton University, Dickinson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Dominic W. Pesce
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ziri Younsi
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Andrew Chael
- Princeton Gravity Initiative, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Koushik Chatterjee
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ryan Chaves
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Juliusz Doboszewski
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Richard Dodson
- ICRAR, M468, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Sheperd S. Doeleman
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Jamee Elder
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Garret Fitzpatrick
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Kari Haworth
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Janice Houston
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sara Issaoun
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Yuri Y. Kovalev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Aviad Levis
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Rocco Lico
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- Alexandru Marcoci
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK
- Niels C. M. Martens
- Lichtenberg Group for History and Philosophy of Physics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Neil M. Nagar
- Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Aaron Oppenheimer
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Daniel C. M. Palumbo
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Angelo Ricarte
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- María J. Rioja
- ICRAR, M468, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Freek Roelofs
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ann C. Thresher
- McCoy Family Center for Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Paul Tiede
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Jonathan Weintroub
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Maciek Wielgus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11030061
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 3
p. 61
Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.
Keywords
- black holes
- general relativity
- interferometry
- accretion
- relativistic jets
- very-long-baseline interferometry
