Neurosurgical CSF Diversion in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a complex disorder, is increasing globally in association with obesity. The IIH syndrome occurs as the result of elevated intracranial pressure, which can cause permanent visual impairment and loss if not adequately managed. CSF diversion via ventriculoperitoneal and lumboperitoneal shunts is a well-established strategy to protect vision in medically refractory cases. Success of CSF diversion is compromised by high rates of complication; including over-drainage, obstruction, and infection. This review outlines currently used techniques and technologies in the management of IIH. Neurosurgical CSF diversion is a vital component of the multidisciplinary management of IIH.

Keywords

• idiopathic intracranial hypertension
• pseudotumour cerebri
• cerebrospinal fluid
• ventriculoperitoneal shunt
• lumboperitoneal shunt
• programmable valve