The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Combined Pre-supernova Alert System with KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande
- S. Abe,
- M. Eizuka,
- S. Futagi,
- A. Gando,
- Y. Gando,
- S. Goto,
- T. Hachiya,
- K. Hata,
- K. Ichimura,
- S. Ieki,
- H. Ikeda,
- K. Inoue,
- K. Ishidoshiro,
- Y. Kamei,
- N. Kawada,
- Y. Kishimoto,
- M. Koga,
- M. Kurasawa,
- T. Mitsui,
- H. Miyake,
- D. Morita,
- T. Nakahata,
- R. Nakajima,
- K. Nakamura,
- R. Nakamura,
- R. Nakamura,
- J. Nakane,
- H. Ozaki,
- K. Saito,
- T. Sakai,
- I. Shimizu,
- J. Shirai,
- K. Shiraishi,
- R. Shoji,
- A. Suzuki,
- A. Takeuchi,
- K. Tamae,
- H. Watanabe,
- K. Watanabe,
- S. Yoshida,
- S. Umehara,
- K. Fushimi,
- K. Kotera,
- Y. Urano,
- B. E. Berger,
- B. K. Fujikawa,
- J. G. Learned,
- J. Maricic,
- Z. Fu,
- J. Smolsky,
- L. A. Winslow,
- Y. Efremenko,
- H. J. Karwowski,
- D. M. Markoff,
- W. Tornow,
- S. Dell’Oro,
- T. O’Donnell,
- J. A. Detwiler,
- S. Enomoto,
- M. P. Decowski,
- K. M. Weerman,
- C. Grant,
- H. Song,
- A. Li,
- S. N. Axani,
- M. Garcia,
- The KamLAND Collaboration,
- K. Abe,
- S. Abe,
- C. Bronner,
- Y. Hayato,
- K. Hiraide,
- K. Hosokawa,
- K. Ieki,
- M. Ikeda,
- J. Kameda,
- Y. Kanemura,
- R. Kaneshima,
- Y. Kashiwagi,
- Y. Kataoka,
- S. Miki,
- S. Mine,
- M. Miura,
- S. Moriyama,
- M. Nakahata,
- Y. Nakano,
- S. Nakayama,
- Y. Noguchi,
- K. Sato,
- H. Sekiya,
- H. Shiba,
- K. Shimizu,
- M. Shiozawa,
- Y. Sonoda,
- Y. Suzuki,
- A. Takeda,
- Y. Takemoto,
- H. Tanaka,
- T. Yano,
- S. Han,
- T. Kajita,
- K. Okumura,
- T. Tashiro,
- T. Tomiya,
- X. Wang,
- S. Yoshida,
- P. Fernandez,
- L. Labarga,
- N. Ospina,
- B. Zaldivar,
- B. W. Pointon,
- E. Kearns,
- J. L. Raaf,
- L. Wan,
- T. Wester,
- J. Bian,
- N. J. Griskevich,
- M. B. Smy,
- H. W. Sobel,
- V. Takhistov,
- A. Yankelevich,
- J. Hill,
- M. C. Jang,
- S. H. Lee,
- D. H. Moon,
- R. G. Park,
- B. Bodur,
- K. Scholberg,
- C. W. Walter,
- A. Beauchêne,
- O. Drapier,
- A. Giampaolo,
- Th. A. Mueller,
- A. D. Santos,
- P. Paganini,
- B. Quilain,
- R. Rogly,
- T. Nakamura,
- J. S. Jang,
- L. N. Machado,
- J. G. Learned,
- K. Choi,
- N. Iovine,
- S. Cao,
- L. H. V. Anthony,
- D. Martin,
- N. W. Prouse,
- M. Scott,
- Y. Uchida,
- V. Berardi,
- N. F. Calabria,
- M. G. Catanesi,
- E. Radicioni,
- A. Langella,
- G. De Rosa,
- G. Collazuol,
- M. Feltre,
- F. Iacob,
- M. Mattiazzi,
- L. Ludovici,
- M. Gonin,
- L. Périssé,
- G. Pronost,
- C. Fujisawa,
- S. Horiuchi,
- M. Kobayashi,
- Y. M. Liu,
- Y. Maekawa,
- Y. Nishimura,
- R. Okazaki,
- R. Akutsu,
- M. Friend,
- T. Hasegawa,
- T. Ishida,
- T. Kobayashi,
- M. Jakkapu,
- T. Matsubara,
- T. Nakadaira,
- K. Nakamura,
- Y. Oyama,
- K. Sakashita,
- T. Sekiguchi,
- T. Tsukamoto,
- A. Portocarrero Yrey,
- N. Bhuiyan,
- G. T. Burton,
- F. Di Lodovico,
- J. Gao,
- A. Goldsack,
- T. Katori,
- J. Migenda,
- R. M. Ramsden,
- Z. Xie,
- S. Zsoldos,
- A. T. Suzuki,
- Y. Takagi,
- Y. Takeuchi,
- H. Zhong,
- J. Feng,
- L. Feng,
- J. R. Hu,
- Z. Hu,
- M. Kawaue,
- T. Kikawa,
- M. Mori,
- T. Nakaya,
- R. A. Wendell,
- K. Yasutome,
- S. J. Jenkins,
- N. McCauley,
- P. Mehta,
- A. Tarrant,
- M. J. Wilking,
- Y. Fukuda,
- Y. Itow,
- H. Menjo,
- K. Ninomiya,
- Y. Yoshioka,
- J. Lagoda,
- M. Mandal,
- P. Mijakowski,
- Y. S. Prabhu,
- J. Zalipska,
- M. Jia,
- J. Jiang,
- W. Shi,
- C. Yanagisawa,
- M. Harada,
- Y. Hino,
- H. Ishino,
- Y. Koshio,
- F. Nakanishi,
- S. Sakai,
- T. Tada,
- T. Tano,
- T. Ishizuka,
- G. Barr,
- D. Barrow,
- L. Cook,
- S. Samani,
- D. Wark,
- A. Holin,
- F. Nova,
- S. Jung,
- B. S. Yang,
- J. Y. Yang,
- J. Yoo,
- J. E. P. Fannon,
- L. Kneale,
- M. Malek,
- J. M. McElwee,
- M. D. Thiesse,
- L. F. Thompson,
- S. T. Wilson,
- H. Okazawa,
- S. M. Lakshmi,
- S. B. Kim,
- E. Kwon,
- J. W. Seo,
- I. Yu,
- A. K. Ichikawa,
- K. D. Nakamura,
- S. Tairafune,
- K. Nishijima,
- A. Eguchi,
- K. Nakagiri,
- Y. Nakajima,
- S. Shima,
- N. Taniuchi,
- E. Watanabe,
- M. Yokoyama,
- P. de Perio,
- S. Fujita,
- C. Jesús-Valls,
- K. Martens,
- K. M. Tsui,
- M. R. Vagins,
- J. Xia,
- S. Izumiyama,
- M. Kuze,
- R. Matsumoto,
- K. Terada,
- R. Asaka,
- M. Ishitsuka,
- H. Ito,
- Y. Ommura,
- N. Shigeta,
- M. Shinoki,
- K. Yamauchi,
- T. Yoshida,
- R. Gaur,
- V. Gousy-Leblanc,
- M. Hartz,
- A. Konaka,
- X. Li,
- S. Chen,
- B. D. Xu,
- A. Q. Zhang,
- B. Zhang,
- M. Posiadala-Zezula,
- S. B. Boyd,
- R. Edwards,
- D. Hadley,
- M. Nicholson,
- M. O’Flaherty,
- B. Richards,
- A. Ali,
- B. Jamieson,
- S. Amanai,
- Ll. Marti,
- A. Minamino,
- R. Shibayama,
- S. Suzuki,
- The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
Affiliations
- S. Abe
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- M. Eizuka
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- S. Futagi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- A. Gando
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- Y. Gando
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Human Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- S. Goto
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Hachiya
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Hata
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Ichimura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- S. Ieki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- H. Ikeda
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Inoue
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Ishidoshiro
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- Y. Kamei
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- N. Kawada
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- Y. Kishimoto
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- M. Koga
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]; Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
- M. Kurasawa
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Mitsui
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- H. Miyake
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- D. Morita
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Nakahata
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- R. Nakajima
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- R. Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- R. Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- J. Nakane
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- H. Ozaki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Saito
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Sakai
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- I. Shimizu
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- J. Shirai
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Shiraishi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- R. Shoji
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- A. Suzuki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- A. Takeuchi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Tamae
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- H. Watanabe
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Watanabe
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; [email protected]
- S. Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- S. Umehara
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- K. Fushimi
- Department of Physics, Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- K. Kotera
- Department of Physics, Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Y. Urano
- Department of Physics, Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- B. E. Berger
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- B. K. Fujikawa
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- J. G. Learned
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- J. Maricic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Z. Fu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- J. Smolsky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- L. A. Winslow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Y. Efremenko
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- H. J. Karwowski
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory , Durham, NC 27708, USA; North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC 27701, USA
- D. M. Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory , Durham, NC 27708, USA; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- W. Tornow
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory , Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, NC 27705, USA
- S. Dell’Oro
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- T. O’Donnell
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- J. A. Detwiler
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- S. Enomoto
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- M. P. Decowski
- Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan; Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam , Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- K. M. Weerman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam , Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- C. Grant
- Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- H. Song
- Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- A. Li
- Halicioglu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- S. N. Axani
- University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- M. Garcia
- University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- The KamLAND Collaboration
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- C. Bronner
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Hayato
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Hiraide
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Hosokawa
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Ieki
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Kanemura
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- R. Kaneshima
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Kashiwagi
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Miki
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- S. Mine
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. Nakahata
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- S. Nakayama
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Noguchi
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Sato
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- H. Sekiya
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- H. Shiba
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Shimizu
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- M. Shiozawa
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Suzuki
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Takemoto
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- H. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- T. Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, for Institute Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- S. Han
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology , Burnaby, BC, V5G 3H2, Canada
- K. Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Tashiro
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Tomiya
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- X. Wang
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. Yoshida
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- P. Fernandez
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- L. Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- N. Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- B. Zaldivar
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- B. W. Pointon
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology , Burnaby, BC, V5G 3H2, Canada; TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- E. Kearns
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- J. L. Raaf
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- L. Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- T. Wester
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- J. Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- N. J. Griskevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- M. B. Smy
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- H. W. Sobel
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- V. Takhistov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- A. Yankelevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- J. Hill
- Department of Physics, California State University , Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
- M. C. Jang
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Korea
- S. H. Lee
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Korea
- D. H. Moon
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Korea
- R. G. Park
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Korea
- B. Bodur
- Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham NC 27708, USA
- K. Scholberg
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham NC 27708, USA
- C. W. Walter
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham NC 27708, USA
- A. Beauchêne
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- O. Drapier
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- A. Giampaolo
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- Th. A. Mueller
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- A. D. Santos
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- P. Paganini
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- B. Quilain
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- R. Rogly
- Ecole Polytechnique , IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- T. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Gifu University , Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- J. S. Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
- L. N. Machado
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK ; [email protected]
- J. G. Learned
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- K. Choi
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon, 34126, Korea
- N. Iovine
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon, 34126, Korea
- S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education , ICISE, Quy Nhon, 55121, Vietnam
- L. H. V. Anthony
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- D. Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- N. W. Prouse
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- M. Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- V. Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- N. F. Calabria
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- A. Langella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- G. Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- M. Feltre
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- F. Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- M. Mattiazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza” , I-00185, Roma, Italy
- M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- L. Périssé
- ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- G. Pronost
- ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- C. Fujisawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- S. Horiuchi
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- M. Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Y. M. Liu
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Y. Maekawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Y. Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- R. Okazaki
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- K. Nakamura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Y. Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- A. Portocarrero Yrey
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- N. Bhuiyan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- G. T. Burton
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- F. Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- J. Gao
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- A. Goldsack
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- T. Katori
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- J. Migenda
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- R. M. Ramsden
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Z. Xie
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- S. Zsoldos
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, King’s College London , London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- A. T. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Y. Takagi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Y. Takeuchi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- H. Zhong
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- J. Feng
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- L. Feng
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- J. R. Hu
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- Z. Hu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- M. Kawaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- M. Mori
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- T. Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- R. A. Wendell
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; [email protected]
- S. J. Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
- N. McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
- P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
- A. Tarrant
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
- M. J. Wilking
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Y. Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education , Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
- Y. Itow
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- H. Menjo
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- K. Ninomiya
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Y. Yoshioka
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- J. Lagoda
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- M. Mandal
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- P. Mijakowski
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- J. Zalipska
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- M. Jia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- W. Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- C. Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- M. Harada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Y. Hino
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- H. Ishino
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Y. Koshio
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- F. Nakanishi
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- S. Sakai
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- T. Tada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- T. Tano
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- T. Ishizuka
- Media Communication Center, Osaka Electro-Communication University , Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530, Japan
- G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- D. Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- S. Samani
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK; STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, OX11 0QX, UK
- A. Holin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
- F. Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
- S. Jung
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
- B. S. Yang
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
- J. Y. Yang
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
- J. Yoo
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
- J. E. P. Fannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- L. Kneale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- J. M. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- M. D. Thiesse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- S. T. Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
- H. Okazawa
- Department of Informatics in Social Welfare, Shizuoka University of Welfare , Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8611, Japan
- S. M. Lakshmi
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- S. B. Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
- E. Kwon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
- J. W. Seo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
- I. Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
- A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- K. D. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- S. Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- K. Nishijima
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- A. Eguchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Y. Nakajima
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- S. Shima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- N. Taniuchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- E. Watanabe
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- M. Yokoyama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- P. de Perio
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Fujita
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- C. Jesús-Valls
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Martens
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. M. Tsui
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Izumiyama
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- R. Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- K. Terada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- R. Asaka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- H. Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Y. Ommura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- N. Shigeta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- M. Shinoki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- K. Yamauchi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- T. Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- R. Gaur
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- V. Gousy-Leblanc
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- M. Hartz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- A. Konaka
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- X. Li
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- S. Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- B. D. Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- A. Q. Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- B. Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- M. Posiadala-Zezula
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- R. Edwards
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- D. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- M. Nicholson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- M. O’Flaherty
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- B. Richards
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- A. Ali
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg , MB R3J 3L8, Canada
- B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg , MB R3J 3L8, Canada
- S. Amanai
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Ll. Marti
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- A. Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- R. Shibayama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- S. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5fee
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 973,
no. 2
p. 140
Abstract
Preceding a core-collapse supernova (CCSN), various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande (SK) via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova (pre-SN) neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming CCSN can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and SK, both located in the Kamioka mine in Japan, have been monitoring pre-SN neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and SK on pre-SN neutrino detection. A pre-SN alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the SK detector was developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-SN neutrino signal from a 15 M _⊙ star within 510 pc of the Earth at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hr in advance.
Keywords
