Food-Grade Quercetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion Ameliorates Effects Associated with Parkinson’s Disease and Cancer: Studies Employing a Transgenic <i>C. elegans</i> Model and Human Cancer Cell Lines
Sabya Sachi Das,
Arunabh Sarkar,
Siva Chander Chabattula,
Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma,
Aamir Nazir,
Piyush Kumar Gupta,
Janne Ruokolainen,
Kavindra Kumar Kesari,
Sandeep Kumar Singh
Affiliations
Sabya Sachi Das
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
Arunabh Sarkar
Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
Siva Chander Chabattula
Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
Aamir Nazir
Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
Piyush Kumar Gupta
Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
Janne Ruokolainen
Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
Kavindra Kumar Kesari
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Sandeep Kumar Singh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
A nanosized food-grade quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (QNE) system comprising capmul MCM NF (oil) and cremophor RH 40 (surfactant) was developed using a high-speed homogenization technique. The developed QNE was studied for its significant neuroprotective (anti-Parkinsonism) and cytotoxicity (anticancer) effects against Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains and human cancer cells, respectively. HR-TEM studies revealed that the QNE was spherical with a mean globule size of ~50 nm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies results demonstrated that QNE was amorphous. In vivo results show that QNE potentially reduced the α-Syn aggregation, increased mitochondrial and fat content, and improved the lifespan in transgenic C. elegans strain NL5901. QNE significantly downregulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in wild-type C. elegans strain N2. In vitro results of the MTT assay show that QNE significantly exhibited chemotherapeutic effects in all treated human cancer cells in an order of cytotoxicity: HeLa cells > A549 cells > MIA PaCa-2 cells, based on the IC50 values at 24 h. Conclusively, the QNE showed improved solubility, targetability, and neuroprotective effects against the PD-induced C. elegans model, and also cytotoxicity against human cancer cells and could be potentially used as an anti-Parkinson’s or anticancer agent.
