Solving dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows by ant colony system with bipartite graph matching

Abstract

Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DVRPTW) is an extension of the traditional VRPTW by considering dynamic customer characteristics. In this problem, new customers with specific time windows are received dynamically as time progresses and must be incorporated into the evolving schedule. The goal of DVRPTW is to use the minimum number of vehicles to fulfill all the customer demands with the minimum total traveling time. Little work has been done for solving this dynamic variant. In this paper, an evolutionary algorithm using Ant Colony System and Kuhn-Munkres bipartite graph matching, named ACS-KM, is proposed. It can tackle the dynamic issues during the evolutionary process. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is very effective and has fast convergence. It achieves the best results on 40 out of 48 benchmark instances. For the DVRPTW instances with different levels of dynamicity, the algorithm can always produce better solutions than the previous works.

Keywords

• Dynamic vehicle routing problem
• Ant colony system
• Kuhn-Munkres algorithm
• Bipartite graph matching
• Metaheuristics