Tumor visualization and fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG) in laparoscopic and robotic hepatobiliary surgery – valuation of early adopters from Germany

Abstract

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent dye which was initially used for liver functional assessment. Moreover, it is of value for intraoperative visualization of liver segments and bile ducts or primary and secondary liver tumors. Especially in minimally invasive liver surgery, this is essential to enhance the precision of anatomical guided surgery and oncological quality. As early adopters of ICG implementation into laparoscopic and robotic-assisted liver surgery in Germany, we summarize the current recommendations and share our experiences.

Keywords

• ccc
• crlm indocyanine green
• hcc
• icg
• laparoscopic surgery
• robotic surgery