International Journal of Nanomedicine (Feb 2021)
Nanotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Normal HEK-293 Cells in Comparison to Cancerous HeLa Cell Line
Abstract
Xiongwei Liu,1,* Kuizhong Shan,2,* Xiaxia Shao,1 Xianqing Shi,3 Yun He,4 Zhen Liu,1 Joe Antony Jacob,5 Lichun Deng1 1Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College, Southeast University, Jiangyin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, Liyang People’s Hospital, Liyang, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Changshu City, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People’s Republic of China; 5Nanosynthesis Unit, Nanome Consulting, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lichun DengDepartment of Oncology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College, Southeast University, No. 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 510 8061 5131Email [email protected] Antony JacobNanosynthesis Unit, Nanome Consulting, No. 11, Kannankurichi Road, Salem, 636008, Tamil Nadu, IndiaTel +91-9443861940Email [email protected]: Biomimetic approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had created a substantial impression among the research community that focuses on nano-bio interactions. In this study, an eco-friendly method using Rhizophora apiculata aqueous leaf extract as a reductant-rich hydrosol was followed to synthesize AgNPs and test its cytotoxicity.Methods: To optimise the parameters for the synthesis of AgNPs, central composite design based on response surface methodology was used. The particles synthesized at a nano-scale were characterized in our previously published report. The present report further characterizes the nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM at varying sites and magnifications. The characterized AgNPs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on HEK-293 and HeLa cells.Results: The cytotoxicity on the cell lines was dose-dependent. At a concentration of 2.5 μL/mL of the AgNPs-containing hydrosol, 100% inhibition of HEK-293 cells and 75% inhibition of the HeLa cells were observed. The IC50 value for AgNPs on HEK-293 was 0.622 μL/mL (12.135 ng), whereas, for HeLa cells, it was 1.98 μL/mL (38.629 ng).Conclusion: The nanoparticles were three-fold toxic towards the HEK-293 cells in comparison to the HeLa cells. Therefore, the therapeutic index is low for R. apiculata derived AgNPs on HeLa cells when tested in comparison with the HEK-293 cells. The nanotoxicity profile of the synthesized AgNPs seems more prominent than the nanotherapeutic index. According to our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on the optimization of synthesis of AgNPs using response surface methodology and identifying the therapeutic index of mangrove leaf-derived AgNPs.Keywords: AgNPs, XRD, HEK-293, HeLa, nanotoxicity
