Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ocular papilloma

Abstract

Ocular squamous cell papilloma is a common benign ocular tumor which has been associated with human papillomavirus(HPV)infection, ultraviolet(UV)radiation exposure, etc., but the pathogenesis still remains uncertain. The tumor often shows a fleshy or gray-white mass with a cauliflowerlike or spongylike appearance involving the conjunctiva, caruncle, limbus, eyelid or orbit. It can be diagnosed by combined examinations including high-resolution optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT), ultrasound biological microscope(UBM)and histopathological examination. Risk factors for local recurrence of ocular squamous cell papilloma may include location of the tumor, cellular atypia and ways of treatment. Surgery has historically been the mainstay of treatment. In addition, adjunctive therapies including cryotherapy, amniotic membrane transplantation, mitomycin(MMC), interferon α-2b(IFN α-2b)or 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)may also help to improve the local control. However, more studies are still needed to prove the effects of adjuvant therapy to surgery in ocular squamous cell papilloma.

Keywords

• papilloma
• ocular
• human papillomavirus
• treatment
• recurrence