Longitudinal study of pregnancy intention and its association with pregnancy occurrence among female sex workers in Benin and Mali

Abstract

Plain Language Summary The intention of becoming pregnant has an evident impact on the prenatal and postnatal period. For female sex workers (FSWs) in West Africa, among whom pregnancies are frequent, a better understanding of their pregnancy intention and its influence on pregnancy occurrence could help prevent unwanted pregnancies and adverse effects of wanted pregnancies. We recruited 330 FSWs in Benin and 322 in Mali and we followed them for 12 months. We evaluated their pregnancy intention at recruitment and at 6-month follow-up. We assessed pregnancy occurrence with a pregnancy urine test and with a retrospective questionnaire asking on pregnancy occurrence at 6 and 12 months. With these data we estimated the association between intention and pregnancy. 407 FSWs were included in the first 6-month analysis and 284 at 12 months. Sixteen percent of the FSWs had a positive intention of having a pregnancy in the next 6 months in both the first 6-month and 12 months. One out of four were ambivalent and almost 60% had a negative intention. For 38.2% of the FSWs the intention changed between the two periods. Women with an ambivalent intention compared to those with positive intention, had 30% less pregnancies whereas for negative intention, women had 54% less pregnancies during the study follow-up. As for any woman, the level of pregnancy intention influences its occurrence. Moreover, nearly one out of six FSWs wants a baby despite working in the sex trade. Programmatically, early identification of these women could facilitate provision of quality antenatal and postnatal care.

Keywords

• Pregnancy incidence
• Pregnancy intention
• Reproductive health
• Sex workers
• Sub-Saharan Africa