Infection and Drug Resistance (Aug 2023)

Evaluation of the Most Visible Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines Among the Residents of Makkah, Saudi Arabia: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study

  • Qashqari FS,
  • Alfelali M,
  • Barasheed O,
  • Almaimani R,
  • Alghamdi A,
  • Alharbi SS,
  • Balahmar E,
  • S Alhothali A,
  • Alsharif RH,
  • Jalal NA,
  • Makhdoom H

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 16
pp. 5107 – 5119

Abstract

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Fadi S Qashqari,1 Mohammad Alfelali,2 Osamah Barasheed,3,4 Ruba Almaimani,5 Anas Alghamdi,6 Sarah S Alharbi,7 Eman Balahmar,8 Ammar S Alhothali,9 Rahaf Hashim Alsharif,10 Naif A Jalal,1 Hatim Makhdoom11 1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Research and Innovation Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 4Basira Center for Health Research Training and Consulting, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 5Health Promotion and Education Department, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 6Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 7Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 8College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Nursing, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 11Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Fadi S Qashqari, Tel +966 553552660, Email [email protected]: This research evaluated the most visible symptoms associated with coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines among residents in Makkah of Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among a representative sample of residents receiving COVID-19 vaccination at King Abdullah Medical City, ‏Al Ukayshiyyah, and Umm Al-Qura University vaccination centers. A total of 805 participants selected by a census sampling method were included. Data regarding characteristics, medical history, and post-vaccination symptoms were obtained with an interview-based questionnaire.Results: The participants’ mean age was 25.20 ± 15.5 years. Of them, 61.7% and 38.3% received one and two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. 2.2% have an allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine. 25.3% were infected with COVID-19, 23% were infected before the first dose, and only 1.6% were infected after the first dose. Significant statistical associations were found between males and females in smoking status, age, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, and types of COVID-19 vaccines (P-value < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables, male participants had lower odds of having swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site, muscle or joint pain, headache, dizziness, and nausea compared to female participants [OR = 0.596, 95% CI = (0.388– 0.916)], [OR = 0.272, 95% CI = (0.149– 0.495)], [OR = 0.529, 95% CI = (0.338– 0.828)], [OR = 0.263, 95% CI = (0.125– 0.554)], and [OR = 0.145, 95% CI = (0.31– 0.679), P < 0.05 for all], respectively.Conclusion: The female participants may have a higher risk of post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms than males among Makkah residents of Saudi Arabia.Keywords: COVID-19, evaluation, Saudi Arabia, symptoms, vaccines

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