Frequency of Periodontitis in Diabetes Patients. A Hospital Based Study

Abstract

Objective: To study the frequency of periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patients and the impact of glycaemic control on the severity of periodontitis. Study Design: A descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was completed in six months from May2018 to November2018 in Department of Medicine in collaboration with Dental Department of Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Materials and Methods: This study included 150 participants. Participants were divided in two groups with 75 individuals placed in each group. The study group comprised of well controlled and poorly controlled diabetics referred from medical OPD and medical wards, selected through non-probability consecutive sampling. The control group involved normal healthy individuals. Glycemic control was evaluated by HbA1c level. Community periodontal index (CPI) was recorded to compare the periodontal status of both groups using perioprobe.Confounders like personal and oral hygiene habits along with diabetes profile, treatment and duration were also recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS, version 21. Results: The frequency of periodontitis in diabetics and non-diabetics was 87.49 % and 8.51% respectively. Mean-CPI was higher in diabetics (2.76 ± .78) compared to non-diabetics (1.88± .56) and was statistically significant. Tooth loss was 59.8% in diabetics and 15% in non-diabetics. Poorly controlled diabetics had higher mean-CPI (3.23± .38 vs2.24± .45, P 10 years of diabetes respectively. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus patients have higher frequency of periodontitis as compared to non-diabetics. Its severity increases as glycemic control worsens. Moreover, its severity also increases with duration of diabetes.

Keywords

• community periodontal index, diabetes mellitus, hb a1c, periodontitis.