Новые технологии (Apr 2021)
Influence of agricultural machinery on the potential realization of winter hard wheat yield
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of choosing agricultural machinery, as productive potential of plants depends on its effective operation. The correct choice of parameters and modes of agricultural machinery is the fundamental paradigm for solving this problem. Grain yield is made up of the integration of agricultural machinery and its genetic potential. It is the optimization of the parameters that contributes to the formation of a full-fledged desired, stable yield. In the field, productivity is influenced by many difficult-to-control factors (weather conditions, agrotechnical characteristics of the equipment, seed resistance, etc.). To optimize the process of increasing the productivity of grain, the selection of seed material, its disinfection, as well as sowing using innovative technologies are required. The multi-criterion task of choosing the optimal modes of machinery and the preliminary selection and analysis of high-yielding grain is facilitated by the Harrington function. The object of the research is seven varieties of hard winter wheat, differentiated by the method of Kazakova and Lysogorenko. In 2020 high yields were obtained from the varieties of Amazonka (8,32 t/ha), Kristella (8,27 t/ha), Yantarina (8,07 t/ha), Yakhont (7,81 t/ha). Further analysis of seed material by embryo morphotypes (EMT), maximum and minimum mass of an individual grain was carried out using the Harrington function. A comprehensive assessment of the grains of major and minor EMT has shown that the high-yielding varieties of Amazonka and Christella have an optimal weight of 1000 grains, contain the minimum number of grains with minor EMT and the maximum number of seeds with the main EMT. A comprehensive assessment of sowing equipment showed that the use of this technique affects the yield. So when sowing wheat with the SPM-360 seeder, the declared yield is reduced by 10–15%.
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