Comparative Investigation of Composition, Antifungal, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oil from Three Industrial Hemp Varieties from Italian Cultivation
Giustino Orlando,
Sabrina Adorisio,
Domenico Delfino,
Annalisa Chiavaroli,
Luigi Brunetti,
Lucia Recinella,
Sheila Leone,
Marianna D’Antonio,
Gokhan Zengin,
Alessandra Acquaviva,
Mirko Antico,
Paola Angelini,
Giancarlo Angeles Flores,
Roberto Venanzoni,
Massimo Tacchini,
Simonetta Cristina Di Simone,
Luigi Menghini,
Claudio Ferrante
Affiliations
Giustino Orlando
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Sabrina Adorisio
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
Domenico Delfino
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
Annalisa Chiavaroli
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Luigi Brunetti
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Lucia Recinella
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Sheila Leone
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Marianna D’Antonio
Bioinvest S.r.l., via Filippo Masci, Building 6, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Gokhan Zengin
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
Alessandra Acquaviva
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Mirko Antico
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Paola Angelini
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
Giancarlo Angeles Flores
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
Roberto Venanzoni
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
Massimo Tacchini
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Luigi Menghini
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Claudio Ferrante
Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Industrial hemp is characterized by a huge amount of by-products, such as inflorescences, that may represent high-quality sources of biomolecules with pharmaceutical interest. In the present study, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile, including terpene and terpenophenolic compounds, of the essential oils (EOs) of Futura 75, Carmagnola selezionata and Eletta campana hemp varieties. The EOs were also tested for antifungal properties toward Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Arthroderma crocatum, Arthroderma quadrifidum, Arthroderma gypseum, Arthroderma curreyi, and Arthroderma insingulare. In parallel, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the EOs against tyrosinase, and the production of prostaglandin E2 in isolated mouse skin exposed to hydrogen peroxide. In human H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells, we also evaluated the influence of the EOs on the gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which are involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry in human host. E-caryophyllene and α-pinene were the prominent terpenes in the EOs, whereas the cannabidiolic acid was the terpenophenol present at higher concentration. The EOs inhibited the growth of all tested dermatophytes species. In isolated skin specimens, EOs prevented the hydrogen-peroxide-induced synthesis of prostaglandin E2, consistent with the intrinsic antityrosinase activity. Finally, in H1299 cells, all tested EOs reduced the gene expression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, as well. Therefore, the present findings highlight the rationale for the use of the present EOs against infectious diseases.
