The Effects of Prolonged Indoor Inhalation of Nature-Derived Odors on Menopausal Women

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged inhalation of nature-derived odors indoors on humans. Twenty-six women participated in this study. Heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol were used as indicators of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system activities. Profile of mood state, state–trait anxiety inventory, menopause rating scale and general sleep disturbance scale were used as psychological indicators. The order was as follows: After the participants relaxed in a chair for 5 min, their heart rate variability and heart rate were measured for 3 min with their eyes closed. Subsequently, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured, salivary samples were collected for estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol analyses, and a subjective assessment was conducted. The participants received a diffuser containing fir essential oil and were instructed on its usage and precautions. Subsequently, they returned home and inhaled the fir oil for a week. After 7 days, participants revisited the laboratory for posttest measurements, conducted at the same time as the pretest. Prolonged inhalation of the fir essential oil resulted in increased estradiol concentration, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, relief of menopausal symptoms, reduced anxiety levels, improved sleep quality and mood states. Prolonged inhalation of the fir essential oil induced physiological and psychological relaxation on menopausal women.

Keywords

• blood pressure
• middle-aged woman
• nature scent
• quality of sleep
• stress relief
• sex hormone