Novel Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Clinical Advances in Sustained Drug Delivery Systems
Yolanda Jiménez-Gómez,
David Alba-Molina,
Mario Blanco-Blanco,
Lorena Pérez-Fajardo,
Felisa Reyes-Ortega,
Laura Ortega-Llamas,
Marta Villalba-González,
Ignacio Fernández-Choquet de Isla,
Francisco Pugliese,
Indira Stoikow,
Miguel González-Andrades
Affiliations
Yolanda Jiménez-Gómez
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
David Alba-Molina
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Mario Blanco-Blanco
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Lorena Pérez-Fajardo
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Felisa Reyes-Ortega
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Laura Ortega-Llamas
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Marta Villalba-González
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Ignacio Fernández-Choquet de Isla
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Francisco Pugliese
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Indira Stoikow
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Miguel González-Andrades
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
In recent years, the number of patients with ocular diseases is increasing as a consequence of population aging. Among them, one of the most common is the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition that leads to vision loss if it is not treated. AMD is a multifactorial disorder with two advanced forms, dry and neovascular AMD. Currently, although there is no approved therapy that significantly impacts dry AMD progression, several pharmacologic therapies exist for neovascular AMD. Notwithstanding, evidence suggests a suboptimal result in a high number of patients receiving these therapeutic options. Consequently, finding effective strategies is not only a still unmet medical need in dry AMD but also in neovascular AMD. This underlines the need for new drug delivery technologies that can improve the pharmacological action and drug concentration at the target sites. In this regard, sustained drug delivery systems are presented as the most promising therapeutic options in AMD patients. This review summarized the pathogenesis and the current treatment options for AMD, focusing on the emerging ocular sustained drug delivery approaches undergoing clinical trials.
