Journal of Functional Biomaterials (Jun 2023)

Employing Indirect Adenosine 2<sub>A</sub> Receptors (A<sub>2A</sub>R) to Enhance Osseointegration of Titanium Devices: A Pre-Clinical Study

  • Maria Jesus Pacheco-Vergara,
  • Ernesto Byron Benalcázar-Jalkh,
  • Vasudev V. Nayak,
  • Edmara T. P. Bergamo,
  • Bruce Cronstein,
  • André Luis Zétola,
  • Fernando Pessoa Weiss,
  • João Ricardo Almeida Grossi,
  • Tatiana Miranda Deliberador,
  • Paulo G. Coelho,
  • Lukasz Witek

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060308
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 6
p. 308

Abstract

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dipyridamole, an indirect adenosine 2A receptors (A2AR), on the osseointegration of titanium implants in a large, translational pre-clinical model. Sixty tapered, acid-etched titanium implants, treated with four different coatings ((i) Type I Bovine Collagen (control), (ii) 10 μM dipyridamole (DIPY), (iii) 100 μM DIPY, and (iv) 1000 μM DIPY), were inserted in the vertebral bodies of 15 female sheep (weight ~65 kg). Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed after 3, 6, and 12 weeks in vivo to assess histological features, and percentages of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (%BAFO). Data was analyzed using a general linear mixed model analysis with time in vivo and coating as fixed factors. Histomorphometric analysis after 3 weeks in vivo revealed higher BIC for DIPY coated implant groups (10 μM (30.42% ± 10.62), 100 μM (36.41% ± 10.62), and 1000 μM (32.46% ± 10.62)) in comparison to the control group (17.99% ± 5.82). Further, significantly higher BAFO was observed for implants augmented with 1000 μM of DIPY (43.84% ± 9.97) compared to the control group (31.89% ± 5.46). At 6 and 12 weeks, no significant differences were observed among groups. Histological analysis evidenced similar osseointegration features and an intramembranous-type healing pattern for all groups. Qualitative observation corroborated the increased presence of woven bone formation in intimate contact with the surface of the implant and within the threads at 3 weeks with increased concentrations of DIPY. Coating the implant surface with dipyridamole yielded a favorable effect with regard to BIC and BAFO at 3 weeks in vivo. These findings suggest a positive effect of DIPY on the early stages of osseointegration.

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