Influence of Bioactive Compounds Incorporated in a Nanoemulsion as Coating on Avocado Fruits (<i>Persea americana</i>) during Postharvest Storage: Antioxidant Activity, Physicochemical Changes and Structural Evaluation
Antonio de Jesus Cenobio-Galindo,
Juan Ocampo-López,
Abigail Reyes-Munguía,
María Luisa Carrillo-Inungaray,
Maria Cawood,
Gabriela Medina-Pérez,
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño,
Rafael Germán Campos-Montiel
Affiliations
Antonio de Jesus Cenobio-Galindo
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km. 1., Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
Juan Ocampo-López
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km. 1., Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
Abigail Reyes-Munguía
Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del campo No. 501, Fracc. Rafael Curiel, C.P. Ciudad Valles, SLP C.P. 79060, Mexico
María Luisa Carrillo-Inungaray
Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del campo No. 501, Fracc. Rafael Curiel, C.P. Ciudad Valles, SLP C.P. 79060, Mexico
Maria Cawood
Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
Gabriela Medina-Pérez
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km. 1., Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño
Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Program, Cinvestav-Saltillo, Coahuila de Zaragoza C. P. 25900, Mexico
Rafael Germán Campos-Montiel
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km. 1., Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the application of a nanoemulsion made of orange essential oil and Opuntia oligacantha extract on avocado quality during postharvest. The nanoemulsion was applied as a coating in whole fruits, and the following treatments were assessed: concentrated nanoemulsion (CN), 50% nanoemulsion (N50), 25% nanoemulsion (N25) and control (C). Weight loss, firmness, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, total soluble solids, pH, external and internal colour, total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity by 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while the structural evaluation of the epicarp was assessed through histological cuts. Significant differences were found (p < 0.05) among the treatments in all the response variables. The best results were with the N50 and N25 treatments for firmness and weight loss, finding that the activity of the PPO was diminished, and a delay in the darkening was observed in the coated fruits. Furthermore, the nanoemulsion treatments maintained the total phenol and total flavonoid contents and potentiated antioxidant activity at 60 days. This histological study showed that the nanoemulsion has a delaying effect on the maturation of the epicarp. The results indicate that using this nanoemulsion as a coating is an effective alternative to improve the postharvest life of avocado.
