Darüşşifa İslam Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Jun 2022)
Researches On the Positive Sciences and The Development Process of The History of Medicine
Abstract
In the medieval Western world, when Europe was in economic and cultural stagnation for a long time, Arabic-speaking culture developed significantly. He has greatly contributed to the development of science, philosophy, literature and art, which includes the culture of many nations (Persians, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Syrians, Egyptians, Arabs and others). The formation of the Caliphate, a political power of Muslims, began in the 7th century and developed first with the establishment of a new religion under the banner of Islam and later with the Conquest of the Arabs. It didn't take long for the immense United Arab power to emerge from Central Asia and Iran in the east to the Pirinese Peninsula in the west. In the second half of the eighth century, two caliphate were established—the East centered on the West, first in Damascus, then in Baghdad and Cordoba. The economic and cultural community of the peoples that were part of the caliphate was preserved and continued to flourish for several centuries. The extensive trade of the Arabs contributed to the mutual enrichment of the cultures of many nations. Since the main language in the caliphate was Arabic, it was called "Latin of the East", the cultural and scientific legacy of the medieval East in bourgeois historiography is often referred to as "Arab" culture and science. In Soviet historiography it is rightly called Arabic. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform about the development process of positive sciences in a period called the "Golden Age" of Islam in the Middle Ages, that the scientific sciences reached their peak in the history of Islamic science in this period and shed light on other civilizations, especially the West, and their use in the course of time. to tell you that you have benefited from these sciences. The main purpose of this study is to give information about the activities of scientists working in the field of positive sciences and medical history in the Middle Ages and to convey their contributions to world civilization. During the Middle Ages, when Europe was in a long economic and cultural recession, Arabic-speaking culture flourished. He combined the culture of many nations (Persians, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Syrians, Egyptians, Arabs and others), making a great contribution to the development of science, philosophy, literature and art. The caliphate, a Muslim feudal state, began to be established from the 7th century and was primarily conditioned by the unification of the Arabs under the banner of Islam. The great unified Arab state, stretching from Central Asia and Persia in the east to the Iberian Peninsula, did not last long. In the second half of the 8th century, two caliphate - the Eastern Caliphate - were established, first in Damascus, then in Baghdad and in the western part of Central Cordoba. The economic and cultural unity of the peoples of the caliphate has been preserved and developed for centuries. Extensive Arab trade led to the mutual enrichment of the cultures of many peoples. Since Arabic was the dominant language in the caliphate (it was called "Latin of the East"), bourgeois historiography often referred to the cultural and scientific heritage of the Middle East as "Arab culture" and science. In Soviet historiography it is rightly called Arabic History. The Arabs established many science and education centers, especially in Damascus (7th century), Baghdad (8th-9th centuries) and Córdoba (10th century). In the heyday of the Kordovsky Caliphate there were 10 universities, while in Western Europe there were only two - the universities of Salern and Paris. Some Arab schools have special postal issues. Thus, in 1960, the 1100th anniversary of Saracen University in Fez, Morocco; In 1975, a series of postage stamps were registered in Egypt. An envelope and stamps were issued in Al-Azhar, commemorating the 1000th anniversary of the university's founding, and the stamps were sealed with a special stamp. Along with philosophy, mathematics, geography, history, natural sciences, and philology, medicine was part of the general education of scholars in the Arab caliphate. Representatives of many caliphate or economically and culturally connected nations have been prominent figures in medicine: since the 4th century Syrians, Khwarezmian, Persians, Armenians, Azeris, Egyptians, Jews, Moroccans, partly Indians, and have been the founders of great medical schools and hospitals. Leading doctors lived and worked in Bukhara, Khwarezm, Samarkand, Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo and Cordoba. They have played an important role in the preservation and further development of the ancient medical heritage. Caliphate physicians had a significant impact on the development of Western European medicine. Eastern medieval medicine enriched Renaissance medical science and became one of its valuable resources. The period of the highest development of medicine of the Eastern peoples of the caliphate period is the X-XI centuries. This was later called the Eastern Renaissance. Representatives of Arabic Medicine The main purpose of this study is to contribute to world civilization by giving information about the activities of scientists working in the field of Positive Science and Medicine in the Middle Ages.
