Pulmonary scedosporiosis caused by Lomentospora prolificans in a patient who is immunocompetent: A rare case report

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Infections with Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are usually found in patients who are immunodeficient, particularly in the transplant population. However, they are relatively rare in patients who are immunocompetent, which is especially useful in ruling out near-drowning and aspiration situations. Here, we report a case of a patient who is immunocompetent, with clinically suspected community-acquired pneumonia caused by Lomentospora prolificans detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and polymerase chain reaction from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This case highlights mNGS in the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary invasive fungal disease. mNGS is proposed as an important adjunctive diagnostic approach for rare pathogens.

Keywords

• Pulmonary scedosporiosis
• Lomentospora prolificans
• Scedosporium
• Metagenomics next-generation sequencing
• Immunocompetent patient