Anti-Neuroinflammatory Components from <i>Clausena lenis</i> Drake
Si-Si Zhu,
Yi-Fan Zhang,
Meng Ding,
Ke-Wu Zeng,
Peng-Fei Tu,
Yong Jiang
Affiliations
Si-Si Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Yi-Fan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Meng Ding
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Ke-Wu Zeng
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Peng-Fei Tu
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Yong Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
Clausena lenis Drake (C. lenis) is a folk medicinal herb to treat influenza, colds, bronchitis, and malaria. The 95% and 50% ethanol extract of C. lenis showed significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bio-guided isolation of the active extract afforded five new compounds, including a chlorine-containing furoquinoline racemate, (±)-claulenine A (1), an amide alkaloid, claulenine B (2), a prenylated coumarin, claulenin A (3), a furocoumarin glucoside, clauleside A (4), and a multi-prenylated p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, claulenin B (5), along with 33 known ones. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of new compounds were assigned via the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2, 23, 27, 28, 33, and 34 showed potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values in the range of 17.6–40.9 μM. The possible mechanism was deduced to interact with iNOS through molecular docking.
