Vitamin D Metabolites and Binding Protein Predict Preeclampsia in Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

The risk for preeclampsia (PE) is enhanced ~4-fold by the presence of maternal type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Vitamin D is essential for healthy pregnancy. We assessed the total, bioavailable, and free concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) at ~12, ~22, and ~32 weeks’ gestation (“Visits” (V) 1, 2, and 3, respectively) in 23 T1DM women who developed PE, 24 who remained normotensive, and 19 non-diabetic, normotensive women (reference controls). 25(OH)D deficiency was more frequent in diabetic than non-diabetic women (69% vs. 22%, p 2D concentrations at V2 (total, bioavailable, and free: p p p p 2D/VDBP (V2, V3: p 2D/25(OH)D (V3, p 2D were higher, and VDBP lower, in the second and third trimesters in women who later developed PE than in those who did not. 1,25(OH)2D may serve as a new marker for PE risk and could be implicated in pathogenesis.

Keywords

• preeclampsia
• pregnancy
• type 1 diabetes
• vitamin D
• vitamin D binding protein
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D