Application of cross-polarization imaging in distinguishing between squamous and columnar epithelium of the cervix

Abstract

The careful observation and evaluation of the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) are essential requirements in colposcopy procedures. While traditional colposcopes with visible light offer high resolution and sensitivity, the presence of glare patterns on the cervix limits the visualization of deeper tissue features. Cross-polarization imaging, on the other hand, overcomes this limitation by effectively removing glare and providing greater optical penetration depth to noninvasively examine subsurface tissue structures. In this study, we present the potential of polarized light in enhancing diagnostics through cross-polarization imaging for the identification and contrast enhancement of squamous and columnar epithelium (CE) in cases of cervical ectropion. Our results demonstrate that polarized light colposcopy offers valuable diagnostic information that complements traditional colposcopy. By effectively reducing glare and improving visibility during cervical examinations, polarized light colposcopy proves to be a useful tool. Furthermore, we introduce a novel method that practically enhances the contrast ratio (CR) between columnar and squamous epithelium (SE) in colposcopic images. This method significantly increases the contrast between these tissue types, facilitating clearer differentiation and improving diagnostic accuracy. Notably, the combination of the cross-polarization imaging technique with our proposed algorithm enables the clear observation of the SCJ boundary. These findings emphasize the potential of our approach in enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of polarized colposcopy for evaluating cervical tissue.

Keywords

• Colposcopy
• cross-polarization imaging
• columnar epithelium
• squamous epithelium
• squamocolumnar junction