Modifications on the dental implant surfaces and their influence on the osteointegration process

Abstract

Introduction: Dental implantation is a process of implanting dental implants into the bone of a patient, in places where one or more teeth are missing. For successful implantation, the process of osteointegration has to happen, which means that the dental implant placed in the bone should create a connection with it. The success of the osteointegration process depends on several factors, one of which is a biological modification of the material from which the implant is made. As a failure, it can occur during periimplantitis. Aim: The present study aimed to prove the influence of the foreign body on osteointegration during dental implantation, that is, the cause of peri-implantitis. The subject of our research was the analysis of new, sterile implants and their comparison with fallen, lost implants Materials and methods: For this scientific research we used a scanning electron microscope, which allows a detailed analysis of the implant surface. The analysis was performed on brand new, as well as on failed implants. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning its surface with a focused beam of electrons. Results: As a consequence of the deposition of many minerals (like Mg, and P), a higher wear resistance occurs on the implant surface. Traces of contaminant Na along with carbon, N, Ca, Al and O were also detected on the Ti surface of the failed implants, which are fallen implants. All these elements negatively affect the implantation success and are the cause of unsuccessful implant treatment. Conclusion: Dental implant contamination is a key factor for the success/failure of implantation. Traces of organic and inorganic contaminants can be found, despite the implant cleaning process and surface treatment of Ti, substances such as acid and sand.

Keywords

• implant
• failure
• osteointegration
• peri-implantitis
• success