Rome et l’Italie de la guerre sociale à la mort de César : une nouvelle citoyenneté. État de la recherche

Abstract

The end of the Social war was marked by the social integration into Roman citizenship of Italians who did not yet enjoy it. The process was of utmost important because it contributed decisively to the transformation of Rome from aristocratic city-state to monarchical empire. The municipal organization prevailed all across the peninsula and generalized the principle of dual citizenship, local and Roman – a condition of its future expansion. At the same time, segmentation of the Roman people was compounded by the increase in the number of citizens. As a result, some of its parts, soldiers and urban plebs in particular, stood out as citizens par excellence and earned for themselves specific modes of action. The political practices that later prevailed in the Empire were thereby being rolled out. Reviewing the historiography over the past twenty years provides insights into different aspects of this development.

Keywords

• Rome
• Republic
• citizenship
• municipium
• army
• urban plebs