The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2024)
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). III. Survey Characterization and Simulation Methods
- Pedro H. Bernardinelli,
- Hayden Smotherman,
- Zachary Langford,
- Stephen K. N. Portillo,
- Andrew J. Connolly,
- J. Bryce Kalmbach,
- Steven Stetzler,
- Mario Jurić,
- William J. Oldroyd,
- Hsing Wen Lin,
- Fred C. Adams,
- Colin Orion Chandler,
- Cesar Fuentes,
- David W. Gerdes,
- Matthew J. Holman,
- Larissa Markwardt,
- Andrew McNeill,
- Michael Mommert,
- Kevin J. Napier,
- Matthew J. Payne,
- Darin Ragozzine,
- Andrew S. Rivkin,
- Hilke Schlichting,
- Scott S. Sheppard,
- Ryder Strauss,
- David E. Trilling,
- Chadwick A. Trujillo
Affiliations
- Pedro H. Bernardinelli
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- Hayden Smotherman
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- Zachary Langford
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Stephen K. N. Portillo
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton , 7128 Ada Boulevard, Edmonton, AB, T5B 4E4, Canada
- Andrew J. Connolly
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- J. Bryce Kalmbach
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- Steven Stetzler
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- Mario Jurić
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]
- William J. Oldroyd
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Hsing Wen Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Fred C. Adams
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Colin Orion Chandler
- ORCiD
- DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Cesar Fuentes
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- David W. Gerdes
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Matthew J. Holman
- ORCiD
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Larissa Markwardt
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Andrew McNeill
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; Department of Physics, Lehigh University , 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Michael Mommert
- ORCiD
- School of Computer Science, University of St. Gallen , Rosenbergstrasse 30, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Kevin J. Napier
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Matthew J. Payne
- ORCiD
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Darin Ragozzine
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Andrew S. Rivkin
- ORCiD
- Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University , 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Hilke Schlichting
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 595 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Scott S. Sheppard
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Ryder Strauss
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- David E. Trilling
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Chadwick A. Trujillo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University , P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad1527
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 167,
no. 3
p. 134
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the observational biases of the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project’s B1 data release and survey simulation software that enables direct statistical comparisons between models and our data. We inject a synthetic population of objects into the images, and then subsequently recover them in the same processing as our real detections. This enables us to characterize the survey’s completeness as a function of apparent magnitudes and on-sky rates of motion. We study the statistically optimal functional form for the magnitude, and develop a methodology that can estimate the magnitude and rate efficiencies for all survey’s pointing groups simultaneously. We have determined that our peak completeness is on average 80% in each pointing group, and our magnitude drops to 25% of this value at m _25 = 26.22. We describe the freely available survey simulation software and its methodology. We conclude by using it to infer that our effective search area for objects at 40 au is 14.8 deg ^2 , and that our lack of dynamically cold distant objects means that there at most 8 × 10 ^3 objects with 60 < a < 80 au and absolute magnitudes H ≤ 8.
Keywords
