Influence of human teeth matrix on the cellular and biological properties of dental pulp stem cells - An in vitro study

Abstract

Background: A major challenge in bone tissue regeneration is the use of right combination of stem cells with osteoinductive biomaterials. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the effect of mineralized teeth matrix (MTM) and demineralized teeth matrix (DTM) on the selected cellular and biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods: Established DPSCs were cultured in conditioned media (CM) of MTM and DTM and analyzed on their morphology, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), viability, migration ability, ploidy and expression of cell surface markers, Further, the effect of MTM and DTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs was evaluated. Results: The DPSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology with >80% viability. Cells were highly proliferative with an average PDT of 61 ​± ​12 ​h. A greater proliferation of DPSCs in the scratched area was observed when cultured in CM of teeth matrix compared to the cells in basal media. Moreover, no chromosomal abnormalities were induced during the culture of DPSCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DPSCs in basal media and CM of MTM and DTM were positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 (>70%), and negative for CD34 and CD45 (<0.1%). Alizarin red staining showed the higher deposition of mineralized nodules in DPSCs cultured with DTM compared to MTM. Conclusion: MTM and DTM-derived CM enhanced the proliferation and selected phenotypic markers expression with no chromosomal abnormalities in DPSCs. In addition, both matrices were biocompatible with DPSCs and increased the osteogenic differentiation through higher nodule formation.

Keywords

• DPSCs
• Mineralized teeth matrix
• Demineralized teeth matrix
• Osteogenesis
• In vitro