High energy storage properties of (NbLa) complex-ion modified (BaCa)(ZrTi)O3 ceramics

Abstract

In this work, a traditional solid-state method was adopted to prepare dense Ba[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text][(Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]–(Nb[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text])x]O3(BCZT–xNL) lead-free relaxation ferroelectrics with excellent energy storage performance (ESP). Remarkably, a large breakdown field strength of BDS ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV/cm) resulting from decreased grain size by double ions doping at the B-site was achieved in BCZT–xNL ceramics. Especially, the BCZT–0.12NL ceramic displays a good recoverable energy density ([Formula: see text]) of 3.1[Formula: see text]J/cm3, a high efficiency of 86.7% ([Formula: see text]) and a superior fatigue resistance, as well as a superior charge–discharge performance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A/cm2, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MW/cm3, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J/cm3, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ns) and good thermal stability. Besides, upon NL doping, the FE to RFE phase transition results in a dielectric behavior traversing the relaxation phase ([Formula: see text]) accompanied by frequency dispersion, which is beneficial to improve ESP. The superior ESP in this work indicates that BCZT–0.12[Formula: see text]NL ceramics are a promising candidate used in energy storage capacitors.

Keywords

• Co-doped BCZT ceramics
• relaxor ferroelectric
• high BDS
• energy storage